No matter what your age is, you may need medical care during your lifetime. You might require it in the future if something happens to you at a young age like when they were 20 years old or even after living for 90 years of life.
 
No matter your current health or awareness of needs, we never know when we might need care. That's why it is important to make advance plans for yourself and those you love at any age.
 
Care planning is a flexible topic, but it's important to have an advance directive. We'll discuss the details below.
 
The reason for having an advance directive at a younger age is because no one knows how long they will live. They may need someone trusted to make important decisions for them while they are unable, due to health reasons.
 
What Does Advance Care Planning Mean?
 
Advance care planning is putting a plan in place to ensure your values and goals of care are communicated. This means researching what you want by recording preferences about the types of medical treatment that will be done if it does not go well for you or you can't communicate on your own anymore.
 
Why You Need an Advance Care Plan
 
Discuss your wishes to make sure you get the medical treatment that's right for you. This is especially important if someone else has to make decisions on your behalf or give you care, like when there are no clear "next of kin" available in an emergency situation.
 
You may think that it's difficult to plan ahead. However, we see advance care planning as a positive way of reinforcing your values and what makes life meaningful for you. So if you want something in the future, start thinking about now because not doing so could have negative consequences on yourself or those around you!
 
Advance care planning can be thought of as an insurance policy just like your home or car. You have one, but hope to never need it. However, having this plan in place will alleviate stress if disaster strikes since you are prepared for anything that comes your way!
 
Advance care planning is like having an insurance policy for your future needs.
 
How to Create an Advance Care Plan
 
These are several basic advance care planning components, but as things change over time you may think of more. You can add what’s important to you or your family member and don't hesitate to rewrite this plan as time goes on.
 
Advance Directive
 
In many states, healthcare directives may need signatures from a medical provider and/or witnesses or notaries.
 
By looking over examples where there are no mandatory requirements at all (such as Texas) versus cases where one must have two adult witnesses sign off on their own declaration (like New York), you will be able to identify which rules apply in your area. This information is crucial because without legal authority you could miss out access opportunities with your family member's providers and receive updates about his or her health status during recovery - if any!
 
By naming your agent, you are able to allow someone else make decisions on your behalf. Decide with care because this person will be responsible for carrying out wishes that align with yours. Cake's advance directive forms can help guide the decision-making process by state/region or location in which they reside.
 
A living will can make it easier for your family to know what you want. You should consider the following information when writing out a living will: 1) Specifying resuscitation, feeding tubes, and intubation; 2) Speaking more generally about the quality of life you would like to have if at all possible.
 
If you can't complete a living will or advance directive because you're unable to notarize, print, or find witnesses , there are other options. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic Cake worked with Providence Health and Ariadne Labs to develop two alternatives that can be completed quickly online: the Trusted Decision Maker Form and a COVID specific advance care planning form.
 
I'm not a fan of the legal will and advance directive. I think that they put way too much emphasis on medical treatment and ignore every other aspect in life, like your loved ones for example. If you're sick or injured then how do we know what makes you happy? What about family traditions, things unique to us as individuals? We can start this with two simple forms: my personal health care preferences form (PHC-1) and my HIPAA release document (HARED). PHC-1 lets me answer all these questions without making anyone else guess whether hospital staff should give up their lives for mine when it's over three days into an unknown illness.
 
Once you complete your advance directive, legal will and/or COVID specific advance care planning form, create a Cake profile. Upload the document(s) to this account before sharing with someone who can access it just in case they need them.
 
The advanced directive is not enough on its own to get confidential information in some states; therefore, we encourage our users to fill out a release of information form too.
 
Review your advance directives yearly or whenever there is a change in health status. If you were healthy when you filled out end-of-life wishes, but then your health status worsens, it's likely that this will have changed how willing to be of certain medical interventions.
 
Things to Consider as you Create an Advance Directive Plan
 
As you or a loved one work on an advance care plan, it can be overwhelming to think about what decisions should and shouldn’t be made. Here are some key aspects to consider:
1) Communicate your wishes clearly
2) Give others the tools they need for decision-making (brochures like end of life planning help with this too!)
3) Get involved in advocacy efforts that support better access and quality health care services at all stages of life.
 
Medical and Healthcare Information
 
Before a crisis hits, it's important to have an emergency plan in place for your loved ones. If you're planning ahead and thinking about the future when there isn't any trouble going on right now, then having this information will make things much easier if something happens suddenly or unexpectedly. This is particularly useful if someone becomes ill or has a medical emergency - everything from food allergies to prescriptions can be hard enough without adding stressors like transportation problems into the mix!
 
Before a crisis hits, it’s important to have an emergency plan in place for your loved ones. If you are planning ahead and thinking about what might happen during difficult times instead of not focusing on anything at that moment while nothing seems wrong yet , then having this information will be of great benefit.
 
To stay organized, consider this same process for yourself and keep the information organized. Include the following components:
 
Medical Condition
 
In order to advocate for yourself or a loved one, it is important that you keep detailed accounts of medical conditions. If unsure about diagnoses, take some time to research them so that your interests are fully protected.
 
Medications
 
If you are taking medications regularly, it's important to know what they're treating. This can be complicated since different conditions have similar symptoms and may require the same medication even though their causes are very different. It takes some time to understand how your specific condition works with each drug but knowing will help prevent side effects or possible interactions between drugs that could harm you more than benefit you!
 
Healthcare Insurance
 
Making the choice of what health care plan to go with can be overwhelming. However, it is important that you know exactly how each one works and what they cover before making a decision. One option is traditional Medicare which pays for half your hospitalization costs after an annual deductible has been met (USDHHS). Another option available through private insurance companies are called “Medicare Advantage Plans” where there may not need to be any out-of-pocket expenses at all depending on the policy chosen (Kaiser Family Foundation). The first step in this process would be copying down every single bit of information about or pertaining to both plans including provider lists or phone numbers so that these items will always stay accessible when needed during treatment time.
 
Healthcare Providers
 
The healthcare system can be complex and overwhelming for both patients and their loved ones. The first step is to identify the various specialists involved in your care or that of a loved one, such as cardiologists, urologists, pulmonologists etc., along with contact information like phone numbers and addresses.
 
Preferred Hospital
 
If you have a preference for your hospital, make this known. If first responders take you to the closest emergency room and not your preferred one it can interfere with good care as communication between dissimilar healthcare systems is fragmented.
 
Additional Components of a Comprehensive Advance Care Plan
 
It's important to make plans for other aspects of your life when creating an advance care plan. Imagine the future and create a document that addresses issues like what will happen with financial assets or how you'll be cared for in old age if needed, rather than just focusing on medical decisions only.
 
A Will
 
A will is a legal paper that lists what you would like to happen with your assets and items after death. It's usually used for distributing things such as money, homes, belongings etc.
 
The best way to make sure that your will is legal in the state you live, some people prefer using an attorney's help.
 
Financial Power of Attorney
 
Sometimes, people get so focused on the healthcare aspect of advance planning that they neglect to consider their finances.
 
Also know that you can make your financial power of attorney different from your healthcare one.
 
Long-term care planning and finances
 
Long-term care planning isn't something anyone wants to think about, but it's important. As you plan for the future, understanding what long term care costs will help you budget accordingly.
 
In-home care offers a solution to the difficulties of caring for older family members. For example, if your parent breaks their arm and they are left unable to bathe themselves or dress on their own - in home care can help ease these challenges until your loved one is ready. If you have no insurance that covers long term nursing assistance expect this kind of support will cost money too! You might think about hiring someone part time or full time depending on what services are needed most at any given moment
and how much it costs since not all agencies provide quotes online (or by phone). A lot more people over age 65 could use some type of in-home service either temporarily while recovering from an injury like broken bones or longer term when physical limitations.
 
Home health care can be an excellent option for patients who are recovering from a hospitalization or injury, but there are conditions that must first be met in order to qualify under Medicare. Home health care includes nursing, physical and occupational therapy as well as speech and respiratory therapies if needed. However, the time-limited nature of home healthcare means you may have to seek out alternative options after your loved one has completed his/her services with regard to continued nursing needs.
 
Assisted Living: The average cost of assisted living communities is $4000 a month, however the price can go up exponentially if you need more care. Assisted living facilities typically have different levels of care that are priced differently depending on your needs. Long-term insurance policies often cover most or all costs associated with assisted living homes - it's important to look into these details before making any decisions!
 
Memory care communities are dedicated to providing specialized care for people with cognitive problems like dementia. The cost is high, but the benefits outweigh the price tag!
 
Rehabilitation is a process that helps people recover from illness or injury. The length of time depends on insurance coverage and the patient's progress. Once discharged, patients can continue recovery at home with help from Home Health Care providers.
 
Nursing Homes: There are many different types of nursing homes. One type is a private room in a nursing home, which can exceed $8000 per month if you do not have insurance or qualify for Medicaid.
 
You should find three communities and companies that you want to be involved with. It is recommended that these are the ones closest to your heart or interest, but there could also always a case for professional connections.
 
Meeting with an estate planning attorney to go over options and costs of future care can give us a clear picture on how we need to make the necessary adjustments. The worst-case scenario may be financially draining, but it will allow us prepare for any possible situation that might arise in our elderly parents' well-being.
​

 
TheEulogyWriters.com
Writers of Great Eulogies for over thirty years.
 
A primary source for material used in this article is from Joincake.com

 One of the main ways to help your aging parent is by providing assistance with end-of-life planning. This can involve anything from helping them create a will or setting up funeral arrangements, but it might also be as simple as letting them know that you are there if they want to talk about death and dying. Another way is through finances—if you have some money saved yourself, this could mean becoming an executor for their estate so they don't need to pay any extra fees on top of everything else. You may even consider giving them enough cash each month so all bills are paid easily without having to worry about being late on payments again in the future... However sometimes help starts slowly, like when someone provides some assistance with big household chores.
 
Financial exploitation is common when an elderly parent with cognitive impairment requires in-home care or a move to senior living. This can lead to difficulty managing finances, as well as physical and mental decline for the person.
 
It can be difficult to talk to your aging parents about needing help, but when they refuse you may feel frustrated and helpless. If this is the case, try looking at it from their perspective in order communicate effectively with them through sympathy.
 
Stuck with an aging parent who refuses any help? Follow the tips below to figure out how you can help your parents even if they're not receptive.
 
You Are Forever the Child
 
It can be tempting to take over when your parent needs help. However, trying to solve the problem might cause more problems than it solves.
 
Your child is doing everything they can to dismantle your authority and make you feel like a failure in front of everyone. You decide enough is enough and say something about it, but nothing seems to work.
 
As an aging parent starts to need help, they begin feeling like a burden on their children. However, your parents still wish to maintain their independence and autonomy while also remaining self-sufficient in daily tasks.
 
Communicate in an empathetic way, acknowledging the fact that your parent is still a powerful adult child. This power implies they can make their own decisions; however you don’t need to present everything as choice. Giving them opportunity for input helps level playing field and makes sure they are heard too! You might not always be happy with what choices parents choose but it's best if everyone gets some say regardless of status.
 
Start the Planning Early
 
Start conversations about advanced planning as early as possible. It can save time and reduce stress later for you both, especially if your parent becomes sick or disabled during a crisis.
 
Preparing for the end of life is an important topic that people may neglect to discuss. To prepare, you can look at and print advance directive forms specific to your state.
 
When considering medical interventions, difficult decisions may arise in regards to feeding or breathing tubes. Discuss funeral planning, healthcare wishes and estate plans when discussing this topic.
 
How does your parent feel about assisted living? Are they willing to consider it, or do you want them to remain at home? Assistive housing can provide a safe and comfortable place for seniors. In addition, there are many different types of care options available in these facilities such as activities groups and other social events that will help their quality of life while continuing the independence that is so important for older adults. Have you considered what costs would be associated if your loved one did move into an assistive community?
 
Meeting with an estate planning attorney can be very helpful when your parent needs help. When you have access to and understanding of their financial situation, everyone will make informed decisions. There may also be questions that someone else should answer so it is beneficial for a third party to address them as well.
 
Always, Always, Always Show Respect
 
By listening to the other person and showing respect, you will be much more likely to get your point across. Getting angry or upset is not going to help anything; it may even cause a defensive reaction that's hard for both of you (and everyone around) very uncomfortable with.
 
When it comes to conversations, always remember that you're the child and your parent wants respect from you. Resist interrupting or jumping into their ideas because they see themselves as superior in those situations. However, if there is something on your mind then say what's up without fear of judgment which can make any conversation better for everyone involved!
 
If our parents really wanted to do something and we think it's a bad idea, is that enough reason not to help them carry out their wishes? It might be the case. But what if your parent wants you involved in her life by helping her with certain tasks or living nearby so she can get assistance when needed? What should matter most (and what my mom taught me) isn't whether I agree with someone else’s decision but how they feel about it.
 
The fact of the matter is, self-determination means they are entitled to make bad decisions. If our parents really wanted to do something and we think it's a bad idea, is that enough reason not to help them carry out their wishes?
 
Don’t be that ‘Bull in the China Shop’
 
When you rush to help your parent, things could go wrong. For example, if you came in too hastily during an emergency and knocked over their prized china collection on the way there- it would be a disaster! The best thing for both parties is to take a breath before rushing into action or talking about issues with them so that emotions don't get out of hand. It's also helpful coming prepared by organizing thoughts before speaking up at all times when interacting with parents can avoid much negative impact down the road.
 
It is important to approach the conversation in a collaborative way. For example, you could say something such as, "We have a problem so let's work on this together and find solutions."
 
Enlist siblings or other family members to help you strategize before meeting with your parents. Work together as a united front but focus on the purpose of conversation—avoiding people derailing it.
 
Be Honest – Be Calm
 
Lying to convince aging parents they need help may backfire on you. Not only will it breach trust, but could risk your entire relationship with them in the long run.
 
While it's important to identify a problem, you don't want to overemphasize the issue. You might cause panic or make them feel like they need immediate action. As mentioned above, your concern may be different from theirs and this could lead for miscommunication if not explained properly.
 
It's okay that your parent is anxious during this difficult time. Anxiety makes it harder to make good decisions, which might mean they are not acting in their best interest or yours right now. If you stay calm though, hopefully they'll be more likely to follow suit!
 
Choose Your Timing Appropriately
 
The best time to meet with your parent is when they are in their most alert state. You know them better than anyone else, so think about the times when they seem at their worst and take that into account while making a decision on when would be appropriate for an intervention meeting.
 
If your parent has sundowning, it might be a good idea to schedule appointments for the morning. Sundowner's is when people with dementia are more confused and anxious later in the day than earlier on. This can make discussions difficult as they may not remember events from yesterday or what you're even talking about right now!
This doesn't just apply to those who live at home either; if someone gets admitted into hospice care late afternoon/early evening because of their condition, family members should try scheduling meetings then too so that he or she isn't left out entirely during this time since his mental faculties aren’t always reliable enough anymore.
 
If possible, consider involving other siblings to strategize a time for the discussion that isn't during a full-blown crisis. Though it can feel like having an impromptu conversation at just the right moment could be better than scheduling one, don’t use that as reasoning to avoid discussing difficult topics indefinitely.
 
Expect Initial Denial
 
Going into the conversation with your family member about needing help can be difficult. Maybe they will deny it, and you'll need to prepare for this before going in.
 
An elderly person who denies a problem can have difficulty understanding their own limitations. This denial often results from fear of losing control and independence, which is also a powerful defense mechanism that distorts reality in ways that are hard to understand. It's not unusual for an older adult with impaired vision or poor eyesight to deny needing glasses when you see how blurry the world looks through them yourself!
 
Fighting with your parents about their drinking may result in them becoming more stubborn. Be patient and understanding.
 
Have Solutions in Mind
 
When talking with your elderly parent, come prepared to the conversation. Prepare yourself by calming down and coming up with ideas for how you can address problems that arise while discussing them in a calm manner.
 
Asking your parent for opinions and ideas can help you solve the problem together. You may want to anticipate some resistance because of financial costs, but it is possible that you could pay yourself or find a different way to offset those costs.
 
Talking with parents about their specific needs in order to create a plan helps both parties reach an agreement on how care would be paid for. If there are any potential problems before they even start helping out, then everyone will feel more at ease moving forward.
 
Be Willing to Compromise
 
Sometimes one small step is enough to solve the big problem. You may need several steps along the way, but remember that they will eventually get you there if you keep working at it!
 
If your parent needs in-home care, offer them a trial period of you being their caregiver. For example, suggest two to three hours per day for one week with the option to cancel at any time if they are not comfortable or unhappy with it.
 
When it's time for assisted living, tour a few places and then pick your favorite. You can also go on a respite stay in some senior communities to get an idea of what life is like there before committing fully.
 
Medicare can offer paid home health services as a time-limited option. This helps to introduce the idea of help in the home and addresses financial concerns because it lets you control your parent's budget for their care.
 
Revisit the Issues Another Day
 
Don't expect to fix everything overnight. In a crisis, it can be tempting to try and do too much at once but this should not happen because you could just make things worse! Try your best not have any expectations of what should or shouldn’t get done in an ideal situation that has been turned upside down by a crisis.
 
If a discussion gets heated or contentious, it's time to end things. Sometimes trying to resolve conflict only makes matters worse! Make a diplomatic exit and come back another day for further conversation. Change the subject before saying goodbye—you can always try again later on when everyone has calmed down from their initial emotions as well as possible.
 
Parents are often overwhelmed with feelings of fear, uncertainty, and helplessness when their teen is considering sex. Let your parent know you understand how difficult this conversation can be for them by empathizing with their emotions. Remind them that while they have strong opinions about why your decision to engage in sexual activity may not be best at the moment; ultimately it's up to you if/when these decisions will take place in life. Schedule a time to come back or revisit once both parties feel more prepared for what might ensue during conversations regarding sexuality moving forward after listening carefully today.
 
Helping is About Small Steps
 
Sometimes, it can be difficult to convince your aging parent that help is needed. However, you are not alone in this struggle as other adult children face the same problem at some point in their lives too!
 
Caring for aging parents can be tough, but it's worth the effort if you give your best.

​TheEulogyWriters.com
Writers of Great Eulogies for over thirty years.
 
A primary source for material used in this article is from Joincake.com

 You might never return to normal after finding your loved one's dead body. It was shocking, devastating and left you in a complete daze: the discovery of your loved one’s corpse can be traumatic for anyone who has ever seen or encountered it.
 
Grieving can be an emotional roller coaster for family members of the deceased. Finding a body will only add to their suffering as they begin to process what has happened and come up with ways that they’ll need to cope without this person in their life, which could sometimes take months or years if death was unexpected.
 
When you lose a loved one, the image of their face will never fade from your memory. You'll also experience symptoms like depression and grief due to this loss.
 
What to Do Immediately After You Find a Loved One’s Dead Body
 
You may feel anxious and confused after you are traumatized. These reactions are normal responses to trauma, but they will probably fade away as time passes.
 
It is difficult to manage stress after a traumatic event. Some people react with shock and feel nothing, while others have an immediate breakdown or violent reactions that help cope with the situation. The shutting down of emotions and reactions may be helpful in stressful situations as it helps you deal with them more easily
 
Here are a few tips:

1. Call for Immediate Assistance

 
When you find your loved one dead, immediately call 911. They will help guide you through what to do next and send someone over if necessary. You may react in ways that leave you numb or unable to respond when finding a loved one deceased; this is normal.
 
Even if your loved one is deceased, paramedics may still come over to make a formal pronouncement of death. They might also leave the body where they found it until after the police have had an opportunity to check for foul play or other causes of natural deaths not occurring at home with you present.

      2.Notify family and friends immediately  

Even if finding your loved one dead was expected, you'll want to get in touch with friends and family immediately. Advise them of the death so they can help support you through this tough time.
 
Lean on someone for support as you figure out what to do next. You'll also need a friend nearby while your emotions are raw, so ask others who care about you over tomorrow morning and get their input before working through the immediate aftermath of this situation alone.

       3. Allow Someone Else to Take Over  

If your loved one has died, the officials investigating or processing their death will have many questions for you to answer. You might not be in a state of mind where you are able to give them all the answers they need and deserve.
 
After a traumatic event, you have to process your feelings and take time for yourself. There are many ways that people respond after trauma. You might be surprised by how different each person's reaction is!

       4. Understand the Shock You’ve Had  

What you just saw can be confusing and distressing. Sit down, let the shock of your discovery absorb. Give yourself some time to process what you experienced!
 
You will likely enter into shock immediately after finding your loved one. You'll need some time to process the sight of them dying and yourself suddenly becoming an orphan (if the loved one was a parent) in addition to taking care of practical matters like calling for help or making arrangements with authorities. It can take anywhere from a few minutes up until several hours before you recover enough from this initial state of shock that it's possible for rational thinking again.

       5. Talk About it To Someone  

The bereavement process is a different experience for everyone. It can be helpful to talk about what you’ve seen and gone through with someone who cares in your life, or refrain from giving statements to the police until you have had time to reflect on everything that has happened around this death.
 
Before saying your final goodbyes to a loved one, ask for some time alone and allow yourself the chance to process all of that information.

       6. Grieve in Your Own Way  

A loved one's death is an emotionally draining event. At first, you might feel shock and disbelief but as the news sinks in help arrives and your emotions start to rise up from within yourself.
 
It's normal to feel like you can't let go of your loved one. Let out all those emotions and tears, it will help in the long run!
 
Discovering a Loved One’s Dead Body Months or Years Later
 
After finding a dead loved one, you'll need help understanding how to cope with the death. You may blame yourself and feel guilt because of what happened, but don't do this! Be kind to yourself after going through such an awful event—don’t let it drag you down further.
 
It's important that you find ways to cope with and deal with grief after loss. Doing so can minimize the negative effects of mental illness or emotional damage, which can cause long-term issues in coping for many years into the future.
 
Here are some things that you can do to help you successfully cope with the aftermath:

       7. Put together a support system  

The psychological impacts of finding a loved one's dead body may be intense and long-lasting. It is important to seek support from mental health providers who can help you cope with the trauma in healthy ways, such as through therapy or other treatment that could last for years after this event occurs.
 
You can start your support system at home with a few close friends. You should also consider adding people to the group who have lived through similar experiences as you, in case they are needed for extra help and assistance.

       8. Find personalized support in a counselor  

If you’re struggling to process your loved one's death, a support group might be helpful. There is no right or wrong way of grieving and it can take months before the pain begins subsiding so feel free to reach out whenever necessary. Once you are ready, find someone that has gone through something similar like an online chat room where survivors share their stories with each other for camaraderie between those who understand what they're going through best without trying too much in prying them open about their experiences when needed because everyone grieves differently depending on how well known this person was within your life as well as if there were any unresolved issues then try getting into therapy which could help uncover some hidden feelings buried deep down inside yourself.
 
It's important to be cautious when meeting people online. It could potentially lead you down a dark path if not careful, so try and get to know them before opening up with all your innermost thoughts and feelings. Some people tend prey on the vulnerabilities of others during their times of loss in order to gain trust quickly for malicious reasons which will only leave you more scarred than what was already caused by death or rejection from loved ones.

       9. Start a journal  

Grief is a very difficult process that often leaves those going through it feeling trapped and alone. However, writing down your feelings can help you deal with them better as well as get the support of others who understand what its like to be in this situation. You might even consider reading out loud from your journal at meetings for other people facing similar problems or sit-downs where there are professionals available to listen and advise on how best handle grief's effects on our lives.
 
I think it's important to get your grief out on paper and start processing the trauma you've experienced. I would recommend reading your journal aloud at a support group or other individuals who have pledged their commitment in helping you process what happened.

       10.Understand the grieving process  

Grief usually comes in stages. Grieving people go through feelings of disbelief, sadness and anger as they struggle to accept the loss that made them grieve.
 
The grief process following the death of a loved one can be overwhelming for many. According to experts, it is crucial that you read up on how this phenomenon works and what symptoms are commonly seen in different stages of bereavement (i.e., anger; guilt). In addition to mental well-being, physical signs such as insomnia or loss of appetite may also manifest during this time frame. There's no set timeline but remember not too rush yourself through the grieving period so that your wounds have ample opportunity heal sufficiently enough before moving forward with life again.

       11. Seek Professional help  

Over time, you might notice a reduction of your grief. Monitor how much power and energy that you have to get through the day as well as what feelings are coming up for you.
 
If you notice that your depression is never ending and it's impacting how well you function in life, this may be a sign to consider seeking out the help of an online therapist or counselor.
 
Coping with Finding a Loved One Dead
 
When you find or see the dead body of your loved one, it is an experience that will affect how you feel and think for the rest of your life. You may struggle to erase any images from your mind no matter how much time has passed since seeing them. If therapy does not help after a few weeks or months, seek out more options before giving up completely on healing yourself from this trauma.
 
Every loss is a difficult one, but it does not mean you will never get over the pain. As time goes by, we all become better at coping with our losses and moving forward in life because of them.

TheEulogyWriters.com
Writers of Great Eulogies for over thirty years.

A primary source for material used in this article is from Joincake.com
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